Difference between revisions of "UHF Receiver"

From W9CR
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 59: Line 59:
 
[[File:UHF Receiver Models TRE6281-TRE6282-TRE6283-TRE6284 VCO correction schematic.png|thumb|Reversed VCO's]]
 
[[File:UHF Receiver Models TRE6281-TRE6282-TRE6283-TRE6284 VCO correction schematic.png|thumb|Reversed VCO's]]
  
As the VCO runs at 73.35 MHz higher than the intended receive frequency the VCO will expect to lock over the following ranges.  The ideal spot for the VCO to opperate is between 2.5 and 7.5 Volts highlighted in pink below.
+
As the VCO runs at 73.35 MHz higher than the intended receive frequency the VCO will expect to lock over the following ranges.  The ideal spot for the VCO to operate is between 2.5 and 7.5 Volts highlighted in pink below.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
Line 76: Line 76:
  
 
The VCO is much like the VCO in the exciter, a sealed unit with no further diagram available from the factory.
 
The VCO is much like the VCO in the exciter, a sealed unit with no further diagram available from the factory.
 +
 +
<gallery heights=100px widths=100px mode="packed-hover">
 +
UHF R2 RX VCO Case on.jpg|UHF R2 RX VCO Case on
 +
UHF R2 RX VCO case off.jpg|UHF R2 RX VCO case off
 +
RX VCO case off up close.jpg|UHF R2 VCO Close up
 +
</gallery>
 +
 +
= Conversions =
 +
 +
Converting the boards
 +
 +
== R1 to R2 ==
 +
 +
The basic premise of converting the R1 to a R2 is four major parts:
 +
* Convert the VCO for the proper frequency coverage
 +
* Modify the Image filter
 +
* Change the module ID
 +
* Modify preselector
 +
 +
It's important to have a known good working unit on R1 before starting work.  If it is not working at it's intended frequency, fix it first. 
 +
 +
It would be good to become very familiar with the schematic and service manual before attempting this.
 +
 +
Tools and test equipment you should have (not an exhaustive list)
 +
 +
* Hot air station
 +
* Under board pre-heater
 +
* High quality soldering iron (metcal)
 +
* Dual voltage variable DC supply
 +
* Spectrum analyzer and probes
 +
* Service monitor
 +
* Experience working with SMD and reflow techniques
 +
 +
=== Converting VCO ===
 +
 +
IC2200 is a sealed unit containing two VCO's.
 +
 +
Check out the schematic! The Diagram is wrong when it shows the upper and lower VCO!
 +
 +
[[File:UHF Receiver Models TRE6281-TRE6282-TRE6283-TRE6284 VCO correction schematic.png|thumb|Reversed VCO's]]
 +
 +
The VCO substrate is ceramic, and sensitive to thermal shock, so be careful about this, as it will crack.  I prefer to leave the VCO in place attached to the pins supporting it on the main PCB while working on it.  To do this means the copper case must come off in one piece with out letting the board drop from the pins.  Obviously the problem with this is to get the VCO hot enough to remove the case will cause the pins to reflow as well.
 +
 +
Prior to preheating I fashion supports out of aluminum foil or other material and jam them between the PCB and the underside of the VCO. I find one at the bottom middle and two on the top corners is sufficient.  It's important there be some slight upward tension on the PCB from these supports.  This will prevent the VCO board from falling off it's pins when removing the shield.
 +
 +
Once this is done, mask off the area using hole cut in some foil. This is a heat shield for the other parts of the board. Some times you need to use kapton tape to secure the foil in place.
 +
 +
[[File:UHF RX prepped for desoldering.jpg|thumb|UHF RX prepped for desoldering]]
 +
 +
Setup the board with an under board pre-heater set to 460f. This is important as you want the board to warm up to close to the melting point of solder.  Then the hot air wand will heat it the rest of the way.
 +
 +
[[File:Board_Preheater.jpg|thumb|Underboard pre-heater]]
 +
 +
Once you have this preheated for a few minutes, use the hot air wand with no tip  15 L/m and 650f on the shield.  Move it in a circular pattern while waiting on it to reflow.  A dental pick is a good test for reflow, be aware the solder will not all flow at the same time. 
 +
 +
Once it's flowed while keeping the heat moving on the VCO case, pull the case straight up with some needle nose pliers.  The case should come clean off, though you may need to rock it back and forth a bit.
 +
Careful you don't disturb any of the VCO parts, as they will most likely be reflowed. If you do, don't panic, just look at the before picture and put everything back to how it was on the VCO. It's a pretty easy circuit to figure out.
 +
 +
Now the VCO should be exposed and you can tack on some test wires to it while it cools down.
 +
 +
[[File:UHF_RX_VCO_hooked_up_for_mod.png|center|thumb|widths=300px|heights=300px|UHF RX VCO test points]]
 +
 +
Hook up to the VCO as shown, we'll do the Low VCO first.
 +
 +
* 8.5 V power to high and low VCO (not at the same time).
 +
* 0-12 V on the steering line.
 +
* output loops of wire on the VCO output. These are to be looped around a probe and into a spectrum analyzer to view the output.
 +
 +
A few points about VCO tuning:
 +
 +
* The VCO will be 73.35 MHz higher than the intended receiver frequency
 +
* '''the sweet spot for the VCO steering voltage is 2.5-7.5 v'''
 +
* each VCO is designed to cover half the range of the quantar.
 +
* The Exciter will change VCO's when it hits the range's center frequency +25khz (UHF R2 is MHz) . You can verify this my looking at the steering voltage in the exciter as you change frequencies. A test config file (Codeplug) makes this easy.
 +
* with the shield on they move up about 2.5 MHz
 +
* from hot to cold Fr changes about 1.5 to 2 MHz. Hotter makes Fr go down, cool makes it go up.
 +
* removing capacitance makes Fr go up.
 +
* removing inductance makes Fr go up.
 +
* tune a bit below the frequency (2 MHz) and adjust the tuning caps
 +
* you may elect to move the center frequency lower on the lower VCO and higher on the high VCO if you desire a greater tuning range.  I will not be showing this.
 +
* Get it close, I'm a perfectionist, but really 1-2 MHz from idea will not matter.
 +
 +
Put 5.0v on the steering line and note the frequency on the spectrum analyzer.  You can sweep it from low to high and check the coverage is correct per the table above (it will be about 2MHz higher with the case off).
 +
 +
We're going to align it for a center frequency of 517 MHz. The reason for this is the lower VCO covers 511-527, making the center 519, but with the shield off we will see the CF be ~2 MHz lower. The shield adds capacitance to the circuit and this ups the resonate frequency. 
 +
 +
With the voltage on the steering line, cut a 75 mill strip of .250 copper foil. It's not critical, you'll be adjusting it. Place it on the VCO Trombone to short out part of the strip-line. You can safely monitor the output of the VCO and move this at the same time. '''It's best to go lower than the center frequency we want. (515 MHz is a good point)'''. Once you are within a few MHz, let the board cool. You'll find the Fr rising as it cools.
 +
 +
Moving the short closer to the trombone end lowers Fr, pulling it further away from the end raises Fr.
 +
 +
while monitoring the VCO output on the spectrum analyzer, use a diamond tip Dremmel grinder and remove some of the high impedance end tuning cap on the VCO. Go a very little at a time, it makes a big difference. Use this to bring the VCO frequency up to 517 MHz on the dot. It's normal for the VCO to jump a couple hundred KHZ or so depending on the stability of your power supply. There is no PLL running to lock it.
 +
 +
Do a sweep according the the service manual and ensure it covers the intended range for the Low VCO (again subtract 2 MHz from the intended range with the case off).  You want the coverage to be in the sweet spot of 2.5v to 7.5v, if it's not re-adjust it.
 +
 +
The high VCO is the same, just on the side of the VCO closer to the edge of the main board (bottom).
 +
The center frequency for tuning the VCO is 533 MHz, meaning get it to 531 or so with with strip-line short and then let it cool.  Once it's cooled trim up the capacitor with a the grinder to bring it on frequency.
 +
 +
Clean it with some solvent and let it dry. 
 +
 +
* The case needs to be reinstalled so clean out the holes and set it in place. 
 +
* Make sure the wedges are still under the board and the protective foil mask is in place on the top side.
 +
* Turn on the pre-heater and let it soak
 +
* Use the hot air wand to reflow the board solder.
 +
* Some light pressure on the shield may be needed to seat it, or some flux to reflow the old solder.
 +
* Solder the under side of the board holes the shield goes into.
 +
 +
Let the VCO cool and test both sides of the VCO once cooled.
 +
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!!!colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Before Mod (shield off)!!colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|After mod, Shield on
 +
|-
 +
|Volts||Low||High||Low||High
 +
|-
 +
|0||450||465||491||508
 +
|-
 +
|1||456.5||472||498||516
 +
|-
 +
|2||462.5||478||504||521
 +
|-
 +
|3||467.5||483||509||527
 +
|-
 +
|4||472.5||488||514||531
 +
|-
 +
|5||477.5||492||518||536
 +
|-
 +
|6||482||497||522||539
 +
|-
 +
|7||487||501||526||543
 +
|-
 +
|8||491||505||530||547
 +
|-
 +
|9.2||496.5||510||535||552
 +
|-
 +
|10||500||513||537||555
 +
|-
 +
|Delta||50||48||46||47
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
== R3 to R2 ==
 +
 +
No data on this yet. Should be doable, VCO will be a problem.
 +
 +
== R4 to R2 ==
 +
 +
No data on this yet, may be doable VCO will be a problem.

Revision as of 21:48, 29 November 2015

This page covers the Range 1 to Range 4 receivers. The Range 0 is a newer (and easier to modify) design.

Basics

The basic receiver is pictured below. Note the UHF R1-R4 receivers have a preselector that's flush with the front panel and only 3 adjustment. This is a dead give away that you have a UHF R1-R4 from the front. Unfortunately there is not an easy way to identify it further than by part number.

The receiver is a high side injection with the 1st Lo operating +73.35 MHz higher than the receiver frequency.

The SCM knows what type of module is inserted by reading voltage divider resistors on the u2600 A/D Converter. Some of these are on ports used for other things, Change Frequency and Lock and then A8 input is used for ID. Note the resistors have the same labels on the UHF boards but on other bands the same parts have different labels. The R2606 and R2607 form a voltage divider feeding the A8 input with the computed voltage in volts.

Range R2449 Chg Freq R2450 Lock SPACE R2606 R2607 A8 Volts
UHF R0 0 3300 5600 3300 1.9
UHF R1 0 0 1200 1200 2.5
UHF R2 0 3300 1200 1200 2.5
UHF R3 3300 0 1200 1200 2.5
UHF R4 3300 3300 1200 1200 2.5
VHF R2413 R2415 R2812 R2814
VHF R1 0 0 2700 1200 1.5
VHF R2 0 3300 2700 1200 1.5
800/900 R2422 R2414 R2816 R2815
900 0 0 1200 4700 4.0
800 0 0 1200 2700 3.5


The service manual excerpt is in PDF and below.

UHF Receiver Models TRE6281-TRE6282-TRE6283-TRE6284 Service Manual Excerpt

In PNG format.

Note on the schematic the VCO high and Low are reversed. This seems to be a recurring theme in the Quantar manuals.

Reversed VCO's

As the VCO runs at 73.35 MHz higher than the intended receive frequency the VCO will expect to lock over the following ranges. The ideal spot for the VCO to operate is between 2.5 and 7.5 Volts highlighted in pink below.

Range Lower VCO Upper VCO
Volts 0.8 2.5 5.0 7.5 9.2 0.8 2.5 5.0 7.5 9.2
UHF R1 462 467 479 491 499 478 491 499 506 514
UHF R2 498 511 519 527 536 514 527 535 543 552
UHF R3 528 543 549 555 564 541 555 561 567 575
UHF R4 553 567 574 580 589 568 580 587 593 601

The VCO is much like the VCO in the exciter, a sealed unit with no further diagram available from the factory.

Conversions

Converting the boards

R1 to R2

The basic premise of converting the R1 to a R2 is four major parts:

  • Convert the VCO for the proper frequency coverage
  • Modify the Image filter
  • Change the module ID
  • Modify preselector

It's important to have a known good working unit on R1 before starting work. If it is not working at it's intended frequency, fix it first.

It would be good to become very familiar with the schematic and service manual before attempting this.

Tools and test equipment you should have (not an exhaustive list)

  • Hot air station
  • Under board pre-heater
  • High quality soldering iron (metcal)
  • Dual voltage variable DC supply
  • Spectrum analyzer and probes
  • Service monitor
  • Experience working with SMD and reflow techniques

Converting VCO

IC2200 is a sealed unit containing two VCO's.

Check out the schematic! The Diagram is wrong when it shows the upper and lower VCO!

Reversed VCO's

The VCO substrate is ceramic, and sensitive to thermal shock, so be careful about this, as it will crack. I prefer to leave the VCO in place attached to the pins supporting it on the main PCB while working on it. To do this means the copper case must come off in one piece with out letting the board drop from the pins. Obviously the problem with this is to get the VCO hot enough to remove the case will cause the pins to reflow as well.

Prior to preheating I fashion supports out of aluminum foil or other material and jam them between the PCB and the underside of the VCO. I find one at the bottom middle and two on the top corners is sufficient. It's important there be some slight upward tension on the PCB from these supports. This will prevent the VCO board from falling off it's pins when removing the shield.

Once this is done, mask off the area using hole cut in some foil. This is a heat shield for the other parts of the board. Some times you need to use kapton tape to secure the foil in place.

UHF RX prepped for desoldering

Setup the board with an under board pre-heater set to 460f. This is important as you want the board to warm up to close to the melting point of solder. Then the hot air wand will heat it the rest of the way.

Underboard pre-heater

Once you have this preheated for a few minutes, use the hot air wand with no tip 15 L/m and 650f on the shield. Move it in a circular pattern while waiting on it to reflow. A dental pick is a good test for reflow, be aware the solder will not all flow at the same time.

Once it's flowed while keeping the heat moving on the VCO case, pull the case straight up with some needle nose pliers. The case should come clean off, though you may need to rock it back and forth a bit. Careful you don't disturb any of the VCO parts, as they will most likely be reflowed. If you do, don't panic, just look at the before picture and put everything back to how it was on the VCO. It's a pretty easy circuit to figure out.

Now the VCO should be exposed and you can tack on some test wires to it while it cools down.

UHF RX VCO test points

Hook up to the VCO as shown, we'll do the Low VCO first.

  • 8.5 V power to high and low VCO (not at the same time).
  • 0-12 V on the steering line.
  • output loops of wire on the VCO output. These are to be looped around a probe and into a spectrum analyzer to view the output.

A few points about VCO tuning:

  • The VCO will be 73.35 MHz higher than the intended receiver frequency
  • the sweet spot for the VCO steering voltage is 2.5-7.5 v
  • each VCO is designed to cover half the range of the quantar.
  • The Exciter will change VCO's when it hits the range's center frequency +25khz (UHF R2 is MHz) . You can verify this my looking at the steering voltage in the exciter as you change frequencies. A test config file (Codeplug) makes this easy.
  • with the shield on they move up about 2.5 MHz
  • from hot to cold Fr changes about 1.5 to 2 MHz. Hotter makes Fr go down, cool makes it go up.
  • removing capacitance makes Fr go up.
  • removing inductance makes Fr go up.
  • tune a bit below the frequency (2 MHz) and adjust the tuning caps
  • you may elect to move the center frequency lower on the lower VCO and higher on the high VCO if you desire a greater tuning range. I will not be showing this.
  • Get it close, I'm a perfectionist, but really 1-2 MHz from idea will not matter.

Put 5.0v on the steering line and note the frequency on the spectrum analyzer. You can sweep it from low to high and check the coverage is correct per the table above (it will be about 2MHz higher with the case off).

We're going to align it for a center frequency of 517 MHz. The reason for this is the lower VCO covers 511-527, making the center 519, but with the shield off we will see the CF be ~2 MHz lower. The shield adds capacitance to the circuit and this ups the resonate frequency.

With the voltage on the steering line, cut a 75 mill strip of .250 copper foil. It's not critical, you'll be adjusting it. Place it on the VCO Trombone to short out part of the strip-line. You can safely monitor the output of the VCO and move this at the same time. It's best to go lower than the center frequency we want. (515 MHz is a good point). Once you are within a few MHz, let the board cool. You'll find the Fr rising as it cools.

Moving the short closer to the trombone end lowers Fr, pulling it further away from the end raises Fr.

while monitoring the VCO output on the spectrum analyzer, use a diamond tip Dremmel grinder and remove some of the high impedance end tuning cap on the VCO. Go a very little at a time, it makes a big difference. Use this to bring the VCO frequency up to 517 MHz on the dot. It's normal for the VCO to jump a couple hundred KHZ or so depending on the stability of your power supply. There is no PLL running to lock it.

Do a sweep according the the service manual and ensure it covers the intended range for the Low VCO (again subtract 2 MHz from the intended range with the case off). You want the coverage to be in the sweet spot of 2.5v to 7.5v, if it's not re-adjust it.

The high VCO is the same, just on the side of the VCO closer to the edge of the main board (bottom). The center frequency for tuning the VCO is 533 MHz, meaning get it to 531 or so with with strip-line short and then let it cool. Once it's cooled trim up the capacitor with a the grinder to bring it on frequency.

Clean it with some solvent and let it dry.

  • The case needs to be reinstalled so clean out the holes and set it in place.
  • Make sure the wedges are still under the board and the protective foil mask is in place on the top side.
  • Turn on the pre-heater and let it soak
  • Use the hot air wand to reflow the board solder.
  • Some light pressure on the shield may be needed to seat it, or some flux to reflow the old solder.
  • Solder the under side of the board holes the shield goes into.

Let the VCO cool and test both sides of the VCO once cooled.


Before Mod (shield off) After mod, Shield on
Volts Low High Low High
0 450 465 491 508
1 456.5 472 498 516
2 462.5 478 504 521
3 467.5 483 509 527
4 472.5 488 514 531
5 477.5 492 518 536
6 482 497 522 539
7 487 501 526 543
8 491 505 530 547
9.2 496.5 510 535 552
10 500 513 537 555
Delta 50 48 46 47


R3 to R2

No data on this yet. Should be doable, VCO will be a problem.

R4 to R2

No data on this yet, may be doable VCO will be a problem.